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Water security data report

Freshwater Resources by Country

A country can have vast rivers and lakes yet still face local shortages, heavy withdrawals, or poor access. This report keeps four measures separate to show availability, scale, use, and pressure without collapsing them into a misleading single ranking.

Coverage
186 countries and economies
Latest observation
2022
Linked country pages
181
Dataset snapshot
July 27, 2026

What the data says

Four signals, four different stories

Largest renewable totalBrazil

5,661 billion m³ per year (2022).

Largest withdrawalsIndia

647.5 billion m³ withdrawn (2022).

Water-stressed61 economies

17 exceed the UN-Water critical threshold of 100%.

Highest per personIceland

445,023 m³ per resident (2022).

National averages hide basin-level and seasonal shortages. High renewable resources do not by themselves mean that water is accessible, clean, evenly distributed, or sustainably managed.

Country comparisons

Where resources and pressure concentrate

Bars are scaled independently inside each list. They should not be compared across different metrics.

Largest renewable internal resources

Long-term annual average originating within each territory.

  1. Brazil5,661 bn m³ · 2022
  2. Russia4,312 bn m³ · 2022
  3. Canada2,850 bn m³ · 2022
  4. United States2,818 bn m³ · 2022
  5. China2,813 bn m³ · 2022
  6. Colombia2,145 bn m³ · 2022
  7. Indonesia2,019 bn m³ · 2022
  8. Peru1,641 bn m³ · 2022
  9. India1,446 bn m³ · 2022
  10. Myanmar1,003 bn m³ · 2022

Largest freshwater withdrawals

Total annual withdrawals across agriculture, industry, and domestic uses.

  1. India647.5 bn m³ · 2022
  2. China568.5 bn m³ · 2022
  3. United States444.3 bn m³ · 2022
  4. Indonesia222.6 bn m³ · 2022
  5. Pakistan179.3 bn m³ · 2022
  6. Iran93 bn m³ · 2022
  7. Philippines91 bn m³ · 2022
  8. Mexico89.8 bn m³ · 2022
  9. Vietnam81.9 bn m³ · 2022
  10. Japan79.7 bn m³ · 2022

Complete dataset

Freshwater indicators by country and economy

Each value carries its observation year. Blank values are not estimated or filled by the site.

Country or economyRenewable per personRenewable totalWater stressWithdrawals
AfghanistanMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan1,162 m³/person202247.2 bn m³202254.8 %2022Medium20.3 bn m³2022
AlbaniaEurope & Central Asia10,972 m³/person202226.9 bn m³20224.8 %2022No stress0.8 bn m³2022
AlgeriaMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan247 m³/person202211.2 bn m³2022144.8 %2022Critical10.3 bn m³2022
AndorraEurope & Central Asia3,960 m³/person20220.3 bn m³2022Not reportedNot reported
AngolaSub-Saharan Africa 4,153 m³/person2022148 bn m³20221.9 %2022No stress0.7 bn m³2022
Antigua and BarbudaLatin America & Caribbean 560 m³/person20220.1 bn m³20228.5 %2022No stress0 bn m³2022
ArgentinaLatin America & Caribbean 6,431 m³/person2022292 bn m³202210.5 %2022No stress37.7 bn m³2022
ArmeniaEurope & Central Asia2,310 m³/person20226.9 bn m³202262 %2022Medium3.1 bn m³2022
AustraliaEast Asia & Pacific18,909 m³/person2022492 bn m³20224.7 %2022No stress11.6 bn m³2022
AustriaEurope & Central Asia6,083 m³/person202255 bn m³20228.7 %2022No stress3.1 bn m³2022
AzerbaijanEurope & Central Asia800 m³/person20228.1 bn m³202257.5 %2022Medium13 bn m³2022
BahamasLatin America & Caribbean 1,761 m³/person20220.7 bn m³2022Not reportedNot reported
BahrainMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan3 m³/person20220 bn m³2022133.7 %2022Critical0.2 bn m³2022
BangladeshSouth Asia620 m³/person2022105 bn m³20225.7 %2022No stress35.9 bn m³2022
BarbadosLatin America & Caribbean 283 m³/person20220.1 bn m³202287.5 %2022High0.1 bn m³2022
BelarusEurope & Central Asia3,684 m³/person202234 bn m³20224.7 %2022No stress1.4 bn m³2022
BelgiumEurope & Central Asia1,027 m³/person202212 bn m³202252.8 %2022Medium4.3 bn m³2022
BelizeLatin America & Caribbean 37,891 m³/person202215.3 bn m³20221.3 %2022No stress0.1 bn m³2022
BeninSub-Saharan Africa 749 m³/person202210.3 bn m³20221 %2022No stress0.1 bn m³2022
BhutanSouth Asia99,883 m³/person202278 bn m³20221.4 %2022No stress0.3 bn m³2022
BoliviaLatin America & Caribbean 25,130 m³/person2022303.5 bn m³20220.2 %2022No stress0.4 bn m³2022
Bosnia and HerzegovinaEurope & Central Asia11,077 m³/person202235.5 bn m³20222.1 %2022No stress0.3 bn m³2022
BotswanaSub-Saharan Africa 984 m³/person20222.4 bn m³20222.2 %2022No stress0.2 bn m³2022
BrazilLatin America & Caribbean 26,918 m³/person20225,661 bn m³20221.5 %2022No stress67.9 bn m³2022
BruneiEast Asia & Pacific18,666 m³/person20228.5 bn m³20223.5 %2022No stress0.1 bn m³2022
BulgariaEurope & Central Asia3,248 m³/person202221 bn m³202240.2 %2022Low5.4 bn m³2022
Burkina FasoSub-Saharan Africa 555 m³/person202212.5 bn m³20227.8 %2022No stress0.8 bn m³2022
BurundiSub-Saharan Africa 755 m³/person202210.1 bn m³202210.2 %2022No stress0.3 bn m³2022
CambodiaEast Asia & Pacific7,011 m³/person2022120.6 bn m³20221 %2022No stress2.2 bn m³2022
CameroonSub-Saharan Africa 9,880 m³/person2022273 bn m³20221.6 %2022No stress1.1 bn m³2022
CanadaNorth America73,170 m³/person20222,850 bn m³20223.7 %2022No stress36.1 bn m³2022
Cape VerdeSub-Saharan Africa 577 m³/person20220.3 bn m³202259.7 %2022Medium0.2 bn m³2022
Central African RepublicSub-Saharan Africa 27,658 m³/person2022141 bn m³20220.3 %2022No stress0.1 bn m³2022
ChadSub-Saharan Africa 813 m³/person202215 bn m³20224.3 %2022No stress0.9 bn m³2022
ChileLatin America & Caribbean 45,262 m³/person2022885 bn m³20229 %2022No stress35.4 bn m³2022
ChinaEast Asia & Pacific1,992 m³/person20222,812.9 bn m³202241.5 %2022Low568.5 bn m³2022
ColombiaLatin America & Caribbean 41,459 m³/person20222,145 bn m³20223.6 %2022No stress24.3 bn m³2022
ComorosSub-Saharan Africa 1,439 m³/person20221.2 bn m³20220.8 %2022No stress0 bn m³2022
Congo, Dem. Rep.Sub-Saharan Africa 8,789 m³/person2022900 bn m³20220.2 %2022No stress0.7 bn m³2022
Congo, Rep.Sub-Saharan Africa 36,785 m³/person2022222 bn m³20220 %2022No stress0 bn m³2022
Costa RicaLatin America & Caribbean 22,236 m³/person2022113 bn m³20225.9 %2022No stress3.4 bn m³2022
CroatiaEurope & Central Asia9,778 m³/person202237.7 bn m³20221.5 %2022No stress0.7 bn m³2022
CubaLatin America & Caribbean 3,447 m³/person202238.1 bn m³202223.9 %2022No stress7 bn m³2022
CyprusEurope & Central Asia586 m³/person20220.8 bn m³202230.5 %2022Low0.2 bn m³2022
Czech RepublicEurope & Central Asia1,232 m³/person202213.2 bn m³202222 %2022No stress1.4 bn m³2022
DenmarkEurope & Central Asia1,016 m³/person20226 bn m³202225.3 %2022Low0.9 bn m³2022
DjiboutiMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan264 m³/person20220.3 bn m³20226.3 %2022No stress0 bn m³2022
DominicaLatin America & Caribbean 2,993 m³/person20220.2 bn m³202210 %2022No stress0 bn m³2022
Dominican RepublicLatin America & Caribbean 2,092 m³/person202223.5 bn m³202239.6 %2022Low7.1 bn m³2022
EcuadorLatin America & Caribbean 24,821 m³/person2022442.4 bn m³20226.8 %2022No stress9.9 bn m³2022
EgyptMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan9 m³/person20221 bn m³2022141.2 %2022Critical77.5 bn m³2022
El SalvadorLatin America & Caribbean 2,489 m³/person202215.6 bn m³202212.1 %2022No stress1.9 bn m³2022
Equatorial GuineaSub-Saharan Africa 14,416 m³/person202226 bn m³20220.2 %2022No stress0 bn m³2022
EritreaSub-Saharan Africa 821 m³/person20222.8 bn m³202211.2 %2022No stress0.6 bn m³2022
EstoniaEurope & Central Asia9,423 m³/person202212.7 bn m³202213 %2022No stress1.2 bn m³2022
EswatiniSub-Saharan Africa 2,166 m³/person20222.6 bn m³202277.6 %2022High1.1 bn m³2022
EthiopiaSub-Saharan Africa 973 m³/person2022122 bn m³202232.3 %2022Low10.5 bn m³2022
FijiEast Asia & Pacific31,052 m³/person202228.6 bn m³20220.3 %2022No stress0.1 bn m³2022
FinlandEurope & Central Asia19,258 m³/person2022107 bn m³20227.1 %2022No stress3 bn m³2022
FranceEurope & Central Asia2,933 m³/person2022200 bn m³202221.4 %2022No stress24.4 bn m³2022
GabonSub-Saharan Africa 67,469 m³/person2022164 bn m³20220.5 %2022No stress0.1 bn m³2022
GambiaSub-Saharan Africa 1,138 m³/person20223 bn m³20222.2 %2022No stress0.1 bn m³2022
GeorgiaEurope & Central Asia15,658 m³/person202258.1 bn m³20224.2 %2022No stress1.3 bn m³2022
GermanyEurope & Central Asia1,286 m³/person2022107 bn m³202235.4 %2022Low25.8 bn m³2022
GhanaSub-Saharan Africa 914 m³/person202230.3 bn m³20226.3 %2022No stress1.4 bn m³2022
GreeceEurope & Central Asia5,557 m³/person202258 bn m³202220.3 %2022No stress10 bn m³2022
GrenadaLatin America & Caribbean 1,711 m³/person20220.2 bn m³20227.1 %2022No stress0 bn m³2022
GuatemalaLatin America & Caribbean 6,118 m³/person2022109.2 bn m³20225.7 %2022No stress3.3 bn m³2022
GuineaSub-Saharan Africa 16,080 m³/person2022226 bn m³20221.4 %2022No stress0.9 bn m³2022
Guinea-BissauSub-Saharan Africa 7,599 m³/person202216 bn m³20221.5 %2022No stress0.2 bn m³2022
GuyanaLatin America & Caribbean 293,317 m³/person2022241 bn m³20223.3 %2022No stress1.4 bn m³2022
HaitiLatin America & Caribbean 1,131 m³/person202213 bn m³202213.4 %2022No stress1.5 bn m³2022
HondurasLatin America & Caribbean 8,664 m³/person202290.7 bn m³20224.6 %2022No stress1.6 bn m³2022
HungaryEurope & Central Asia625 m³/person20226 bn m³20228.1 %2022No stress4.7 bn m³2022
IcelandEurope & Central Asia445,023 m³/person2022170 bn m³20220.4 %2022No stress0.3 bn m³2022
IndiaSouth Asia1,014 m³/person20221,446 bn m³202266.5 %2022Medium647.5 bn m³2022
IndonesiaEast Asia & Pacific7,240 m³/person20222,018.7 bn m³202229.7 %2022Low222.6 bn m³2022
IranMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan1,435 m³/person2022128.5 bn m³202281.3 %2022High93 bn m³2022
IraqMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan799 m³/person202235.2 bn m³202259.6 %2022Medium42.4 bn m³2022
IrelandEurope & Central Asia9,400 m³/person202249 bn m³20228.1 %2022No stress1.7 bn m³2022
IsraelMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan80 m³/person20210.8 bn m³2021132 %2021Critical1.5 bn m³2021
ItalyEurope & Central Asia3,093 m³/person2022182.5 bn m³202229.8 %2022Low33.8 bn m³2022
Ivory CoastSub-Saharan Africa 2,528 m³/person202276.8 bn m³20225.1 %2022No stress1.2 bn m³2022
JamaicaLatin America & Caribbean 3,812 m³/person202210.8 bn m³202212.4 %2022No stress1.3 bn m³2022
JapanEast Asia & Pacific3,437 m³/person2022430 bn m³202236.6 %2022Low79.7 bn m³2022
JordanMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan61 m³/person20220.7 bn m³2022105.2 %2022Critical0.9 bn m³2022
KazakhstanEurope & Central Asia3,212 m³/person202264.4 bn m³202234.6 %2022Low25 bn m³2022
KenyaSub-Saharan Africa 382 m³/person202220.7 bn m³202233.2 %2022Low4 bn m³2022
Korea, Dem. People's Rep.East Asia & Pacific2,545 m³/person202267 bn m³202227.7 %2022Low8.7 bn m³2022
KuwaitMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan0 m³/person20220 bn m³20223,850.5 %2022Critical0.8 bn m³2022
KyrgyzstanEurope & Central Asia7,015 m³/person202248.9 bn m³202250 %2022Medium7.7 bn m³2022
LaosEast Asia & Pacific25,188 m³/person2022190.4 bn m³20224.8 %2022No stress7.4 bn m³2022
LatviaEurope & Central Asia9,014 m³/person202216.9 bn m³20221 %2022No stress0.2 bn m³2022
LebanonMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan836 m³/person20224.8 bn m³202258.8 %2022Medium1.8 bn m³2022
LesothoSub-Saharan Africa 2,288 m³/person20225.2 bn m³20222.6 %2022No stress0 bn m³2022
LiberiaSub-Saharan Africa 37,221 m³/person2022200 bn m³20220.3 %2022No stress0.1 bn m³2022
LibyaMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan97 m³/person20220.7 bn m³2022817.1 %2022Critical5.7 bn m³2022
LithuaniaEurope & Central Asia5,460 m³/person202215.5 bn m³20222.2 %2022No stress0.3 bn m³2022
LuxembourgEurope & Central Asia1,531 m³/person20221 bn m³20224 %2022No stress0 bn m³2022
MadagascarSub-Saharan Africa 11,072 m³/person2022337 bn m³202211.3 %2022No stress13.5 bn m³2022
MalawiSub-Saharan Africa 785 m³/person202216.1 bn m³202217.5 %2022No stress1.4 bn m³2022
MalaysiaEast Asia & Pacific16,717 m³/person2022580 bn m³20223.4 %2022No stress6.7 bn m³2022
MaldivesSouth Asia57 m³/person20220 bn m³202215.7 %2022No stress0 bn m³2022
MaliSub-Saharan Africa 2,600 m³/person202260 bn m³20228 %2022No stress5.2 bn m³2022
MaltaMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan95 m³/person20220.1 bn m³202272.6 %2022Medium0 bn m³2022
MauritaniaSub-Saharan Africa 82 m³/person20220.4 bn m³202213.2 %2022No stress1.3 bn m³2022
MauritiusSub-Saharan Africa 2,179 m³/person20222.8 bn m³202223 %2022No stress0.6 bn m³2022
MexicoLatin America & Caribbean 3,180 m³/person2022409 bn m³202244.9 %2022Low89.8 bn m³2022
MoldovaEurope & Central Asia641 m³/person20221.6 bn m³202212.6 %2022No stress0.8 bn m³2022
MonacoEurope & Central AsiaNot reportedNot reportedNot reported0 bn m³2022
MongoliaEast Asia & Pacific10,135 m³/person202234.8 bn m³20223.4 %2022No stress0.5 bn m³2022
MontenegroEurope & Central AsiaNot reportedNot reportedNot reported2.2 bn m³2022
MoroccoMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan777 m³/person202229 bn m³202250.8 %2022Medium10.6 bn m³2022
MozambiqueSub-Saharan Africa 3,071 m³/person2022100.3 bn m³20221.8 %2022No stress1.5 bn m³2022
MyanmarEast Asia & Pacific18,654 m³/person20221,002.8 bn m³20225.8 %2022No stress33.2 bn m³2022
NamibiaSub-Saharan Africa 2,132 m³/person20226.2 bn m³20220.3 %2022No stress0.1 bn m³2022
NauruEast Asia & Pacific847 m³/person20220 bn m³2022Not reportedNot reported
NepalSouth Asia6,670 m³/person2022198.2 bn m³20228.3 %2022No stress9.5 bn m³2022
NetherlandsEurope & Central Asia621 m³/person202211 bn m³202216.7 %2022No stress8.2 bn m³2022
New ZealandEast Asia & Pacific64,349 m³/person2022327 bn m³20228 %2022No stress9.9 bn m³2022
NicaraguaLatin America & Caribbean 23,209 m³/person2022156.2 bn m³20222.2 %2022No stress1.3 bn m³2022
NigerSub-Saharan Africa 138 m³/person20223.5 bn m³202211 %2022No stress2.6 bn m³2022
NigeriaSub-Saharan Africa 990 m³/person2022221 bn m³20229.7 %2022No stress12.5 bn m³2022
North MacedoniaEurope & Central Asia2,948 m³/person20225.4 bn m³202252.6 %2022Medium2.2 bn m³2022
NorwayEurope & Central Asia70,000 m³/person2022382 bn m³20222 %2022No stress2.7 bn m³2022
OmanMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan296 m³/person20221.4 bn m³2022116.7 %2022Critical1.6 bn m³2022
PakistanMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan226 m³/person202255 bn m³2022110 %2022Critical179.3 bn m³2022
PanamaLatin America & Caribbean 31,040 m³/person2022136.6 bn m³20220.9 %2022No stress1.2 bn m³2022
Papua New GuineaEast Asia & Pacific78,505 m³/person2022801 bn m³20220.1 %2022No stress0.4 bn m³2022
ParaguayLatin America & Caribbean 17,307 m³/person2022117 bn m³20221.8 %2022No stress2.4 bn m³2022
PeruLatin America & Caribbean 49,021 m³/person20221,641 bn m³20224.8 %2022No stress25.9 bn m³2022
PhilippinesEast Asia & Pacific4,203 m³/person2022479 bn m³202227.8 %2022Low91 bn m³2022
PolandEurope & Central Asia1,456 m³/person202253.6 bn m³202232.5 %2022Low9.4 bn m³2022
PortugalEurope & Central Asia3,642 m³/person202238 bn m³202212.3 %2022No stress6.1 bn m³2022
Puerto Rico (US)Latin America & Caribbean 2,205 m³/person20227.1 bn m³202219.5 %2022No stress0.9 bn m³2022
QatarMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan21 m³/person20220.1 bn m³2022431 %2022Critical0.3 bn m³2022
RomaniaEurope & Central Asia2,225 m³/person202242.4 bn m³20227.6 %2022No stress8.2 bn m³2022
RussiaEurope & Central Asia29,895 m³/person20224,312 bn m³20224.1 %2022No stress64.8 bn m³2022
RwandaSub-Saharan Africa 696 m³/person20229.5 bn m³202220.2 %2022No stress0.6 bn m³2022
Saint Kitts and NevisLatin America & Caribbean 514 m³/person20220 bn m³202250.8 %2022Medium0 bn m³2022
Saint LuciaLatin America & Caribbean 1,678 m³/person20220.3 bn m³202214.3 %2022No stress0 bn m³2022
Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesLatin America & Caribbean 980 m³/person20220.1 bn m³20227.9 %2022No stress0 bn m³2022
São Tomé and PríncipeSub-Saharan Africa 9,633 m³/person20222.2 bn m³20221.9 %2022No stress0 bn m³2022
Saudi ArabiaMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan75 m³/person20222.4 bn m³2022974.2 %2022Critical23.4 bn m³2022
SenegalSub-Saharan Africa 1,462 m³/person202225.8 bn m³202216.3 %2022No stress3.1 bn m³2022
SerbiaEurope & Central Asia1,261 m³/person20228.4 bn m³20225.7 %2022No stress5.1 bn m³2022
SeychellesSub-Saharan Africa Not reportedNot reportedNot reported0 bn m³2022
Sierra LeoneSub-Saharan Africa 19,331 m³/person2022160 bn m³20220.5 %2022No stress0.2 bn m³2022
SingaporeEast Asia & Pacific106 m³/person20220.6 bn m³202233.3 %2022Low0.2 bn m³2022
SlovakiaEurope & Central Asia2,320 m³/person202212.6 bn m³20222.4 %2022No stress0.6 bn m³2022
SloveniaEurope & Central Asia8,840 m³/person202218.7 bn m³20225.6 %2022No stress0.8 bn m³2022
Solomon IslandsEast Asia & Pacific57,229 m³/person202244.7 bn m³2022Not reportedNot reported
SomaliaSub-Saharan Africa 337 m³/person20226 bn m³202224.5 %2022No stress3.3 bn m³2022
South AfricaSub-Saharan Africa 718 m³/person202244.8 bn m³202267.6 %2022Medium21.1 bn m³2022
South KoreaEast Asia & Pacific1,255 m³/person202264.9 bn m³202285.2 %2022High29.2 bn m³2022
South SudanSub-Saharan Africa 2,359 m³/person202226 bn m³20224.2 %2022No stress0.7 bn m³2022
SpainEurope & Central Asia2,327 m³/person2022111.2 bn m³202243.3 %2022Low29 bn m³2022
Sri LankaSouth Asia2,380 m³/person202252.8 bn m³202290.8 %2022High12.9 bn m³2022
SudanSub-Saharan Africa 81 m³/person20224 bn m³2022118.7 %2022Critical26.9 bn m³2022
SurinameLatin America & Caribbean 158,867 m³/person202299 bn m³20224 %2022No stress0.6 bn m³2022
SwedenEurope & Central Asia16,306 m³/person2022171 bn m³20223.6 %2022No stress2.5 bn m³2022
SwitzerlandEurope & Central Asia4,603 m³/person202240.4 bn m³20226.5 %2022No stress1.7 bn m³2022
SyriaMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan318 m³/person20227.1 bn m³2022124.4 %2022Critical14 bn m³2022
TajikistanEurope & Central Asia6,232 m³/person202263.5 bn m³202269.9 %2022Medium10.6 bn m³2022
TanzaniaSub-Saharan Africa 1,298 m³/person202284 bn m³202213 %2022No stress5.2 bn m³2022
ThailandEast Asia & Pacific3,130 m³/person2022224.5 bn m³202223 %2022No stress57.3 bn m³2022
Timor-LesteEast Asia & Pacific5,999 m³/person20228.2 bn m³202228.3 %2022Low1.2 bn m³2022
TogoSub-Saharan Africa 1,425 m³/person202211.5 bn m³20223.4 %2022No stress0.2 bn m³2022
Trinidad and TobagoLatin America & Caribbean 2,812 m³/person20223.8 bn m³202220.3 %2022No stress0.3 bn m³2022
TunisiaMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan346 m³/person20224.2 bn m³202298.1 %2022High3.9 bn m³2022
TurkeyEurope & Central Asia2,671 m³/person2022227 bn m³202247.9 %2022Low64.5 bn m³2022
TurkmenistanEurope & Central Asia194 m³/person20221.4 bn m³2022135.2 %2022Critical26.2 bn m³2022
UgandaSub-Saharan Africa 824 m³/person202239 bn m³20225.8 %2022No stress0.6 bn m³2022
UkraineEurope & Central Asia1,342 m³/person202255.1 bn m³20226.3 %2022No stress4.9 bn m³2022
United Arab EmiratesMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan15 m³/person20220.2 bn m³20221,509.9 %2022Critical2.3 bn m³2022
United KingdomEurope & Central Asia2,144 m³/person2022145 bn m³202214.4 %2022No stress8.4 bn m³2022
United StatesNorth America8,437 m³/person20222,818 bn m³202228.2 %2022Low444.3 bn m³2022
UruguayLatin America & Caribbean 27,190 m³/person202292.2 bn m³202212.1 %2022No stress4.5 bn m³2022
UzbekistanEurope & Central Asia468 m³/person202216.3 bn m³2022123 %2022Critical42.9 bn m³2022
VanuatuEast Asia & Pacific31,944 m³/person202210 bn m³2022Not reportedNot reported
VenezuelaLatin America & Caribbean 28,533 m³/person2022805 bn m³20227.5 %2022No stress22.6 bn m³2022
VietnamEast Asia & Pacific3,606 m³/person2022359.4 bn m³202218.1 %2022No stress81.9 bn m³2022
West Bank and GazaMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan165 m³/person20210.8 bn m³202147.8 %2021Low0.3 bn m³2021
YemenMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan55 m³/person20222.1 bn m³2022169.8 %2022Critical3.6 bn m³2022
ZambiaSub-Saharan Africa 3,980 m³/person202280.2 bn m³20222.8 %2022No stress1.6 bn m³2022
ZimbabweSub-Saharan Africa 763 m³/person202212.3 bn m³202246.1 %2022Low4.9 bn m³2022

Methodology and limits

How to read this report

What is measured

Renewable internal freshwater is a flow: the long-term annual amount generated by precipitation and internal river flows. It is not a measurement of water currently stored in every lake, aquifer, glacier, or reservoir. Withdrawals measure water taken for human uses, while water stress measures pressure on available renewable resources.

Stress bands

We use the UN-Water SDG 6.4.2 bands: no stress below 25%, low at 25-50%, medium at 50-75%, high at 75-100%, and critical above 100%. Values can exceed 100% where withdrawals rely on non-renewable or non-conventional sources, reuse, or flows not captured by internal renewable resources.

Latest available value

The update script requests 2015-2024 and keeps the latest non-null observation for each country and indicator. Most values are from 2022; a small number are from 2021. We do not align different metrics by interpolation and do not generate missing values.

Reproducibility

The downloadable CSV and JSON contain the source indicator codes, country identifiers, values, years, and update metadata. The dataset can be regenerated from the World Bank API with the project's versioned update script.

Primary sources

Data and definitions